Preheat Oven & Prepare Pan:
Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 12-cup cupcake pan with paper liners.
Make Cupcake Batter:
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a large mixing bowl, beat softened butter until creamy. Add sugar, lemon extract, and lemon zest; mix until combined.
Add egg and egg yolk, one at a time, beating until well incorporated.
Gradually add half of the dry ingredients, followed by half of the sour cream. Mix until combined. Repeat with the remaining dry ingredients and sour cream. Fold in fresh lemon juice.
Bake the Cupcakes:
Fill each cupcake liner three-quarters full with batter. Bake for 16-18 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean. Let cupcakes cool in the pan for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.
Make Blueberry Buttercream:
In a saucepan, simmer blueberries and lemon juice over medium heat, mashing gently until the mixture thickens (about 10 minutes). Let it cool completely and strain out the solids.
Beat softened butter on medium-high until smooth. Gradually add the cooled blueberry puree, beating until fully combined.
Slowly add confectioners’ sugar, one cup at a time, mixing on low speed. Add heavy cream and salt, then beat on high for 2 minutes until fluffy.
Frost the Cupcakes:
Once the cupcakes are completely cooled, frost them with the blueberry buttercream using a piping bag or spatula.
Optionally, decorate with fresh blueberries.